Control Statements / Control Structures / Conditional Structures /Decision Statements.
1. Simple if statement
2. if else statement
3. Nested if else
4. Ladder if else
5. Switch case statement
6. Goto statement
7. Break
8. Continue
Simple
if statement
Simple if statement is also known as
one way statement because decision in one time . If the condition is true only
if block will be executed other wise not.
Syntax :-
If(condition)
{
statement 1;
statement 2;
}
Note
–
If
single statement is there no need to use bracket and if more than single
statement then need of bracket is necessary.
If
else statement
If else statement is also known as
two way decision statement because it has paths to be executed if condition is
true then only statements inside if block will be executed otherwise else block
will be executed.
Syntax :-
If(condition)
{
statement 1;
statement 2;
}
else
{
statement
3;
statement
4;
}
Nested
if else
There is no proper syntax for
structure for nested if else. The structure of syntax will upon the requirement
of the program.
Syntax –
if(condition)
{
if(condition)
{
statement 1;
statement 2;
}
else
{
statement 3;
statement 4;
}
}
Ladder
if else
èLadder if else is also known as multi
way decision statement. Its structures seem like a ladder thats why it is known
as ladder if else . It does not have fixed syntax or structures. The number of
if else statement depends upon the requirement of the program .
Switch
case statement
èSwitch case statement is also known
as multiway statement decision statement . The switch statement tests the value
in the list of “case” value and when match is founf then that case will be
executed.
èdefault statement will be executed if no one case is match
èbreak is used to terminate the execution of the case and
execute
next first
statement after the block.
Syntax-
switch(case label)
{
case label1:
statement 1;
statement 2;
break;
case label2:
statement 3;
statement 4;
break;
case label3:
statement 5;
statement 6;
break;
default:
statement 7;
break;
}
go
to statement
ègo to statement is also known as
jumping statement or forward jump and backward jump go to statement.
Syntax –
#include
#include
{
Statement 1;
Statement 2;
Goto loop;
Statement 3;
Statement 4;
loop:
statement 5;
statement 6;
}
Operator
Precedence and Associativity
Period
|
Operator
|
Description
|
Associativity
|
|
1
|
()
|
Function Call
|
Left To Right
|
|
1
|
[]
|
Array Element Reference
|
Left To Right
|
|
2
|
+
|
Unary Plus
|
Right to Left
|
|
2
|
-
|
Unary Minus
|
Right to Left
|
|
2
|
++
|
Increment
|
Right to Left
|
|
2
|
--
|
Decrement
|
Right to Left
|
|
2
|
!
|
Negation
|
Right to Left
|
|
2
|
~
|
Complement
|
Right to Left
|
|
3
|
*
|
Multiplication
|
Left To Right
|
|
3
|
/
|
Division
|
Left To Right
|
|
3
|
%
|
Mod / Modulus
|
Left To Right
|
|
4
|
+
|
Binary Plus
|
Left To Right
|
|
4
|
-
|
Binary minus
|
Left To Right
|
|
5
|
<
|
Less than
|
Left To Right
|
|
5
|
<=
|
Less than equal to
|
Left To Right
|
|
5
|
>
|
Greater Than
|
Left To Right
|
|
5
|
>=
|
Greater than equal to
|
Left To Right
|
|
6
|
&
|
Bitwise AND
|
Left To Right
|
|
7
|
^
|
Bitwise explosive OR/XOR
|
Left To Right
|
|
8
|
|
|
Bitwise OR
|
Left To Right
|
|
9
|
&&
|
Logical AND
|
Left To Right
|
|
10
|
||
|
Logical OR
|
Left To Right
|
|
11
|
?:
|
Conditional Operator
|
Right To Left
|
|
12
|
,
|
Comma
|
Left To Right
|
|
Control
Loops –
Control loops are used where we have
to execute same statements from multiple times. Loop reduces the code length
also it makes our code more readable .There are three types of control loops
and they are :-
·
while loop
·
do while loop
·
for loop
while loop :-
èIt is an entry control loop. It checks condition
before executing the statements before executing the statements inside while
loop if condition is true.
Syntax:-
while(condition)
{
statement 1;
statement 2;
}
do while loop :-
èdo while loop is also known as exit control loop
because compiler checks the condition at the time leaving the loop. If
condition is false, although statements inside dowhile loop will be executed
for once.
Syntax:-
do
{
Statement 1;
Statement 2;
}while(condition);
for loop :-
èfor loop is also known as entry control loop because
compiler checks condition first then executes the statement inside the loop.
for loop consist of initialization , condition and increment / decrement with
the two semicolon . First compiler will initialize the value then it checks for
the condition is true then only statements inside for loop will be executed and
after execution the statements increment/decrement occurs.
Syntax :-
for(initialization;condition;increment/decrement)
{
Statement 1;
Statement 2;
}
Difference between while loop and do while loop.
1.
In while
loop , condition is checked first.
2.
while
loop is known as entry controlled loop.
3.
If
condition is false, statements inside while loop will not be executed.
4.
Syntax:
-
while(condition)
{
statement 1;
statement 2;
}
|
1.
In do
while loop , condition is lastly checked.
2.
do while
loop is known as exit controlled loop.
3.
If
condition is false, statement will be executed once.
4.
Syntax:-
do
{
Statement 1;
Statement 2;
}
while(condition);
|
P-
1.Program to print “Hello” word.
è #include
#include
Void main()
{
clrscr();
printf(“Hello”);
getch();
}
Output
HELLO
P -
2 .Program for addition of two numbers.
è #include
#include
Void main()
{
int a=5,b=10,c;
clrscr();
c=a+b;
printf(“Additon
is %d”,c);
getch();
}
Output
Addition is 15
P -
3 Program for multiplying any two
numbers on the number input
given by the user.
è #include
#include
Void main()
{
inta,b,c;
clrscr();
printf(“Please Enter Number 1 :”);
scanf(“%d”,&a);
printf(“Please Enter Number 2 :”);
scanf(“%d”,&b);
c=a*b;
printf(“Multiplication of %d and %d is %d”,a,b,c);
getch();
}
Output
Please Enter Number 1 : 25 \\ Press
Enter\\
Please Enter Number 2 : 20 \\ Press
Enter\\
Multiplication of 25 and 20 is
500
P- 4
Program for checking whether the enter year is leap or not
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int year;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any
year :");
scanf("%d",&year);
if(((year%4==0)&&(year%100!=0))||(year%400==0))
{
printf("LEAP
YEAR");
}
else
{
printf("NOT A LEAP
YEAR");
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter any
year : 2011 \\ Press
Enter\\
NOT A LEAP
YEAR
P-5
Program to find out maximum number between two numbers.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int num1;num2;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Two
Numbers :");
scanf("%d
%d",&num1,&num2);
if(num1>num2>
{
printf("Num1 is
greater than Num2");
}
else
{
printf("Num2 is
greater than Num1");
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Two Numbers : 12
\\ Press Enter\\
6
\\ Press Enter\\
Num1 is greater than Num2
P-6
Program to find out maximum number between two numbers using ternary operator
#include
#include
void main()
{
int num1;num2;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Two
Numbers :");
scanf("%d
%d",&num1,&num2);
(num1>num2>?printf("%d is
greater",num1):printf("%d is greater",num2);
getch();
}
Output
Enter Two Numbers : 12
\\ Press Enter\\
6
\\ Press Enter\\
Num1 is greater than Num2
P-7 Program to check whether a person can vote or
not using simple if statement
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int age;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Your
Age :");
scanf("%d",&age);
if(age>=18)
{
printf("You Can
Vote");
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Your Age : 21 \\
Press Enter\\
You Can Vote
P-8
Program to check whether a person can vote or not using if else statement.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int age;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Your
Age :");
scanf("%d",&age);
if(age>=18)
{
printf("You Can
Vote");
}
else
{
printf("You can't
Vote");
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Your Age : 21 \\
Press Enter\\
You Can Vote
P-9 Program to find greatest number among three
numbers.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int num1,num2,num3;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Three
Numbers :");
scanf("%d %d
%d",&num1,&num2,&num3);
if(num1>num2)
{
if(num1>num3)
{
printf("Number
1 is greatest");
}
else
{
printf("Number 3 is
greatest");
}
}
else
{
if(num2>num3)
{
printf("Number
2 is greater");
}
else
{
printf("Number
3 is greater");
}
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Three
Numbers : 15 \\ Press
Enter\\
21
\\ Press Enter\\
16
\\ Press Enter\\
Number 2 is
greater
P-10
Program to find out greatest number among three numbers using ternary operator
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int num1,num2,num3;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Three
Numbers :");
scanf("%d %d %d",&num1,&num2,&num3);
ans=(num>num2)?((num1>num2)?num1:num2):((num2>num3)?num2:num3));
printf("Greatest
number is %d",ans);
getch();
}
Output
Enter Three
Numbers : 15 \\ Press
Enter\\
21
\\ Press Enter\\
16
\\ Press Enter\\
Number 2 is
greater
P-11
Program to find out greatest number among three numbers using logical operator
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int num1,num2,num3;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Three
Numbers :");
scanf("%d %d
%d",&num1,&num2,&num3);
if((num1>num2)&&(num1>num3))
{
printf("%d is the
greatest number",num1);
}
else
{
if((num2>num1)&&(num2>num3))
{
printf("%d
is the greatest number",num2);
}
else
{
printf("%d
is the greatest number",num3);
}
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Three
Numbers : 15 \\ Press
Enter\\
21
\\ Press Enter\\
16
\\ Press Enter\\
Number 2 is
greater
P-12
Program to find out a grade of a student upon the following criteria.
100 80 60 40 0
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int per;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Your
Percentage :");
scanf("%d",&per);
if((per>=80)&&(per<=100))
{
printf("Grade
A");
}
else
{
if((per>=60)&&(per<80 o:p="">
{
printf("Grade
B");
}
else
{
if((per>=40)&&(per<=59))
{
printf("Grade
C");
}
else
{
if((per>=0)&&(per<40 o:p="">
{
printf("Fail");
}
else
{
printf("Invalid
Percentage");
}
}
}
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Your
Percentage : 20 \\
Press Enter\\
Fail
P-13 Program to print name of day according to the number
input.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int day;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Number From 1 to 7:");
scanf("%d",&day);
switch(day)
{
case 1:
printf("Today
is Monday");
break;
case 2:
printf("Today is
Tuesday");
break;
case 3:
printf("Today
is Wednesday");
break;
case 4:
printf("Today
is Thursday");
break;
case 5:
printf("Today
is Friday");
break;
case 6:
printf("Today is
Saturday");
break;
case 7:
printf("Today
is Sunday");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid
Number");
break;
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
Number From 1 to 7: 1 \\
Press Enter\\
Today is
Monday
P-14 Program to find a character whether it a
constant or vowel using switch case statement.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
charch;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Character:");
scanf("%c",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 'a':
case 'A':
case 'e':
case 'E':
case 'i':
case 'I':
case 'o':
case 'O':
case 'u':
case 'U':
printf("Vowel");
break;
default:
printf("Consonant");
break;
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
Character: A \\ Press
Enter\\
Vowel
P-15 Program to find a character whether it a
constant or vowel using ladder if else.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
charch;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Character:");
scanf("%c",&ch); …..if(ch=='a'||ch=='A'||ch=='e'||ch=='E'||ch=='i'||ch=='I'||ch=='o'||ch=='O'||ch=='u'||ch=='U'||)
{
printf("Vowel");
}
else
{
printf("Consonant");
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
Character: A \\ Press
Enter\\
Vowel
P-16 Program To Find ASCII value
è #include
#include
void main()
{
charch;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Character:");
scanf("%c",&ch);
printf("ASCII value
is : %i",ch);
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
Character: a \\ Press
Enter\\
97
P-17 Program To Find Number Of days in a month
according to the month number entered using switch.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int cu;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
number:");
scanf("%d",&cu);
switch(cu)
{
case 1:
case 3:
case 5:
case 7:
case 8:
case 10:
case 12:
printf("31
days");
break;
case 4:
case 6:
case 9:
case 11:
printf("30
days");
break;
case 11:
printf("28
days");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid
Number");
break;
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
number: 10 \\ Press
Enter\\
31 days
P-18 Program to check whether entered number is
even or odd using ternary operator.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
num%2==0?printf("Even
Number"):printf("Odd Number");
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
number: 10 \\ Press
Enter\\
Even Number
P-19
Program to check whether entered number is even or odd using if else.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
if(num%2==0)
{
printf("Even
Number");
}
else
{
printf("Odd
Number");
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
number: 10 \\ Press
Enter\\
Even Number
P-20 Program to check whether entered number is
even or odd using switch.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
switch(num%2)
{
case 0:
printf("Even");
break;
case 1:
printf("Odd");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid
Number");
break;
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
number: 10 \\ Press
Enter\\
Even Number
P-21
Program to check whether enter character is small case , upper case or digit.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
charch;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Character :");
scanf("%c",&ch);
if(ch>=65&&ch<=90)
{
printf("Upper
Case");
}
else
{
if(ch>=97&&ch<=122)
{
printf("Lower
Case");
}
else
{
if(ch>=48&&ch<=57)
{
printf("Digit");
}
else
{
printf("Special
Character");
}
}
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
Character: a \\ Press
Enter\\
Lower Case
P-22 Program to divide two numbers but the
denominator should not be zero using goto statement.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int num1,num2;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Number
1 :");
scanf("%d",&num1);
printf("Enter Number
2 :");
scanf("%d",&num2);
if(num2==0)
{
goto back;
}
else
{
printf("Division is
%d",num1/num2);
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter
Number1 : 10 \\ Press
Enter\\
Enter
Number2 : 2 \\ Press
Enter\\
Division is
5
P-23 Program to change upper case to lower case
and vice-versa.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
charabc;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Character :");
scanf("%c",&abc);
if(abc>=65&&abc<=90)
{
printf("%c",abc+32);
}
else
{
if(abc>=97&&abc<=122)
{
printf("%c",abc=32);
}
else
{
printf("Invalid
Character");
}
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
Character : A \\ Press
Enter\\
a
P-24
Program to change upper case to lower case using tolower.
è #include
#include
#include
void main()
{
char p;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Character :");
scanf("%c",&p);
p=toupper(p);
printf("%c",p);
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
Character : a \\ Press
Enter\\
A
P-25
Program to change lower case to upper case using toupper.
è #include
#include
#include
void main()
{
char p;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Character :");
scanf("%c",&p);
p=tolower(p);
printf("%c",p);
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any
Character : A \\ Press
Enter\\
A
P-26 Program
to print message for 10 times.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int i;
clrscr();
i=1;
while(i<=10)
{
printf("\n Hello
Class...");
i++;
}
getch();
}
Output
Hello Class…
Hello Class…
Hello Class…
Hello Class…
Hello Class…
Hello Class…
Hello Class…
Hello Class…
Hello Class…
Hello Class…
P-27 Program to print the table of entered number.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum,i;
clrscr();
printf("Enter
Any Number :"),
scanf("%d",&num);
i=1;
while(i<=10)
{
printf("%d\n",num*i);
i++;
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any Number : 2
\\ Press Enter\\
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
P-28 Program to print a table of any entered
number in the following format up to 10 times
5*1=5
5*2=10
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum,i;
clrscr();
printf("Enter Any
Number :"),
scanf("%d",&num);
i=1;
while(i<=10)
{
printf("%d * %d =
%d\n",num,i,num*i);
i++;
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter Any Number : 5
\\ Press Enter\\
5 * 1 = 5
5 * 2 = 10
5 * 3 = 15
5 * 4 = 20
5 * 5 = 25
5 * 6 = 30
5 * 7 = 35
5 * 8 = 40
5 * 9 = 45
5 * 10 = 50
P-29 Program to print first 15 even numbers.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
inti,j;
clrscr();
i=1;
while(i<=15)
{
j=2*I;
printf("%d\n",j);
i++;
}
getch();
}
Output
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
P-30 Program to print first 10 odd numbers.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
inti,j;
clrscr();
i=0;
while(i<=10)
{
j=2*i+1;
printf("%d\n",j);
i++;
}
getch();
}
Output
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
P-31 Program to calculate factorial of a number
using while loop
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum,i,fact=1;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
i=num;
while(i>=1)
{
fact=fact*i;
i--;
}
printf("Factorial is
%d",fact);
getch();
}
Output
Enter any number : 5 \\
Press Enter\\
120
P-32 Program to calculate the sum of digits of any
number using while loop.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum,dig,sum=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
while(num!=0)
{
dig=num%10;
sum=sum+dig;
num=num/10;
}
printf("Summation is
%d",sum);
getch();
}
Output
Enter any number : 123 \\Press
Enter\\
6
P-33 Program to reverse a number using while loop.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum,dig,rev=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
while(num!=0)
{
dig=num%10;
rev=rev*10+dig;
num=num/10;
}
printf("Reverse
number is %d",rev”);
getch();
}
Output
Enter any number : 123 \\Press
Enter\\
321
P-34 Program to check whether enter number is
Armstrong number or not.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum,dig,sum=0,temp;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
temp=num;
while(num!=0)
{
dig=num%10;
sum=sum+(dig*dig*dig);
num=num/10;
}
if(temp==sum)
{
printf("Armstrong
Number");
}
else
{
printf("Not a Armstrong
Number");
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter any number : 123 \\Press
Enter\\
Not a Armstrong Number
P-35 Program to check whether enter number is
prime or not using while loop.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum,i,count=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any number :");
scanf("%i",&num);
i=1;
while(i<=num)
{
if(num%i==0)
{
count++;
}
i++;
}
if(count==2)
{
printf("Number is
Prime");
}
else
{
printf("Number is not
Prime");
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter any number : 6 \\Press
Enter\\
3
P-36
Program to check whether enter number is prime or not using do while loop.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum,i,count=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any number :");
scanf("%i",&num);
i=1;
do
{
if(num%i==0)
{
count++;
}
i++;
}while(i<=num);
if(count==2)
{
printf("Number is
Prime");
}
else
{
printf("Number is not
Prime");
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter any number : 7 \\Press
Enter\\
Number is Prime
P-37
Program to print numbers in fabonacci series using do while loop.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int a=0,b=1,c,i=1,num;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any number :");
scanf("%d
%d",&a,&b);
do
{
c=a+b;
printf("%d",c);
a=b;
b=c;
i++;
}while(i<=num-2);
getch();
}
Output
Enter any number : 7 \\Press
Enter\\
0
1
1
2
3
5
8
P-38
Program to print numbers in fabonacci series using while loop.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
int a=0,b=1,c,i=1,num;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any number :");
scanf("%d
%d",&a,&b);
while(i<=num-2)
{
c=a+b;
printf("%d",c);
a=b;
b=c;
i++;
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter any number : 7 \\Press
Enter\\
0
1
1
2
3
5
8
P-39 Program to check whether enter number is
Palindrome or not using for loop.
è #include
#include
void main()
{
intnum,sum=0,dig,temp;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
temp=num;
for( ;num!=0; )
{
dig=num%10;
sum=sum*10+dig;
num=num/10;
}
if(temp==rev)
{
printf("Palindrome
Number");
}
else
{
printf("Not a
Palindrome Number");
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter any number : 12321 \\Press
Enter\\
Palindrome Number
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